There were six wars before the French were defeated. During the first half of this time, there were 9 large battles as the English and Scottish and Dutch and French fought for control of the colony. The first permanent European settlement in Canada was established by the French in 1605, which is now known as Acadia.Īfter the French arrived in Nova Scotia, the Catholic Mi'kmaq and Acadians remained the predominant groups for the next 150 years. Nova Scotia includes areas of the Mi'kmaq nation and it was home to the Mi'kmaq when European colonists arrived in the early 17th century. There are over 145 ethnic groups in Nova Scotia. Just over 47% of the population identifies their ethnicity has Canadian. The island's population has been declining for two decades. Cape Breton Island has a population of around 137,000 with five main groups: Scottish, Irish, English, Acadian and Mi'kmaq. Sable Island, 109 miles from mainland Nova Scotia, has 5 year-round residents, although its population swells in the summer. Halifax is the 14th largest city in Canada.ĭartmouth was the second-largest city in the province prior to becoming part of the Halifax Regional Municipality, followed by Sydney, which was the smallest city in the province and the largest settlement on Cape Breton Island. This makes Halifax the largest population center in Atlantic Canada and the largest city in Canada east of Quebec City. The capital city of Nova Scotia is Halifax, which has a metropolitan population estimated at 415,000 in 2014. The capital of Nova Scotia is now the Halifax Regional Municipality since the 1990s. There are three former cities in Nova Scotia: Halifax, Dartmouth and Sydney. Nova Scotia does not actually have any cities but rather regional incorporated municipalities. Cape Breton Island to the northeast is also part of Nova Scotia, as well as Sable Island. The mainland of the province is the Nova Scotia peninsula, which is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean with many bays. Nova Scotia is the second-smallest province in Canada in terms of area behind Prince Edward Island. This makes Nova Scotia the 2nd most densely populated province in the country with a population density of 45 people per square mile, or 17 per square kilometer. Nova Scotia has an estimated population of 940,600, up from 921,700 in 2011. Nova Scotia is the second-smallest province in the country with a total area of 21,300 square miles (55,284 square kilometers), which includes Cape Breton Island and almost 3,800 small coastal islands. It's one of 3 Maritime provinces and one of 4 Atlantic Canada provinces located nearly halfway between the North Pole and the Equator. Nova Scotia, or "New Scotland," is a province in Canada.
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